Literary Devices in Animal Farm Essay - 1239 Words

Literary devices used in Animal Farm Timothy Quong What is the definition of a good novel? Opinions on this question may differ, but there are many things that good novels have in common. Most importantly, the reader must enjoy the novel. When I use the word enjoy, I don’t necessarily mean that it should make the reader ‘happy’ or ‘joyful’. The novel should give the reader a valuable or worthwhile experience. Many good novels often address topics that relate to our own reality. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, one of the main focuses is on power and corruption. Although consisting of only 95 pages, Animal Farm is effective in delivering its message. Orwell uses a variety of literary devices in Animal Farm that make it a deceptively†¦show more content†¦Since by that that time, the pigs had already become humans. Beasts of England was abolished by Napoleon after the first executions and replaced by songs about his own greatness. The gun was also fired on his birthday. In the last chapter, military-style parades were held. Punishments- Initially, if any animal didn’t work hard enough, the leadership would overlook it. Debates and criticism were welcome and meetings were held every Sunday. Once Napoleon came to power, Sunday meetings were abolished and anyone who voiced any opposition was threatened. Anyone who rebelled didn’t receive any rations. Later in the story, the animals that complained or rebelled were executed. Battles- The rebellion didn’t have any bloodshed and no one was seriously injured. The battle of Cowshed was the first battle where animals died, a sheep and a stable – lad were killed. A few other animals were also wounded, â€Å"bloody streaks across Snowball’s back.† The next battle was even more violent, three sheep, a cow, and two geese were killed. Almost everyone else was wounded. Social classes- In the original ideology, all animals were equal. The ideology sought to eliminate injustice towards all animals. As time passed, the pigs became the rulers. At first, the pigs became the leaders because they were the most intelligent animals on the farm. Napoleon and some of the other pigs later usedShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwells Animal Farm580 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Farm, by George Orwell, is an excellent example of distortion as a literary device. The story is set up as a fable using a third person objective viewpoint and personification of animals to represent historical figures and stereotypes. Distortion can also be found in much of the symbolism throughout the novel. Similar to a fable, Animal Farm makes use of personification. In the story, farm animals are used to represent different classes of people, from the average working man to governmentRead MorePolitics And Language In Animal Farm, By George Orwell720 Words   |  3 Pagesworld. He does this through the many novels and essays he writes. Animal Farm, one of his better known pieces, depicts the hardships faced by a group of farm animals in an attempt to claim the farm that had been exploiting them for the entirety of their lives. His fable is written as an allegory to comment on the Russian Revolution and to warn his audience of the corruption that entails power; he does this by using various literary devices, such as allegory and rhetoric, and a creative structure. UltimatelyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm isRead MoreOrwell s 1984 And Animal Farm1243 Words   |  5 PagesHopelessness in 1984 and Animal Farm Hopelessness is a very strong quality present in 1984 and Animal Farm both by George Orwell. Animal Farm is a very literal allegory to the Russian revolution and warns about the dangers of a communist society. It reflects that hope can quickly be lost and people or animals can quickly become what they once fought to be free and independent from. 1984 follows a man named Winston who comes to rebel against his society but in the end is shown how futile his effortsRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words   |  6 Pages† In George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the author raises the question whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this story line Orwell utilizes literary devices, characters, and eventsRead MoreSymbolism, And Imagery In George Orwells Animal Farm1165 Words   |  5 Pages(pg. 43 Orwell). Later on, he fought in the Civil War, and then went to become a radio announcer for World War 2. His life experiences inspired â€Å"The Animal Farm†. George Orwell integrated imagery, analogy, and irony into â€Å"Animal Farm† through symbolism, thematic issues, and author’s tone and use of various forms of literary devices. The animals represent positions in society. The pigs, such as Old Major, Napoleon, Squealer, and Snowball parallel leaders in civilization, whether the position isRead MoreAnimal Farm Paradox Analysis1013 Words   |  5 PagesPublished Sample Analysis: In this part in Animal Farm, the pigs wish to enact rules that will benefit them at the expense of the other animals on the farm. In one of their rules, a paradox is created whose function is to expose the truth that despite governments claiming to treat everyone equally, they tend to favor certain groups over others. The paradox is created through the statement that some are more equal than others, which is a contradicting statement because if some are more equal thanRead MoreCharacter Symbolism In Animal Farm705 Words   |  3 Pagesthe eyes of Animal Farm How successful did George Orwell use character symbolism in Animal Farm; to represent the major founders of Soviet communist idealism? English Literature  Contents Introduction 3 Old Major 4 Snowball and Napoleon 5  Introduction Symbolism is a literary device and a form of indirect expression. It enables the author to demonstrate reality, while giving the reader the opportunity to conclude and analyze. Thus it adds depth to the meaning of the literary work. It functionsRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. Another one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory about the Soviet Union, and in it farm animals subscribe to a belief system, akin to Marxism, called Animalism. Eventually the Pigs take over the farm, with one of them, Napoleon, as their leader. They rule the farm with an iron fist, utilizing the fact that the other farm animals are far less intelligent than them. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, a short story created by author KurtRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin895 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin is known for her stories which revolve around women and the world from their perspective, and Story of an Hour is no exception. As a writer, Chopin utilizes and employs many rhetorical devices to add emotion and depth to her world. Though Story of an Hour is riddled with rhetorical devices in almost every sentence, the two that tend to stand out the most are the use of irony and foreshadowing. We have all definitely came into contact with either irony or foreshadowing in almost every

The Cask Of Amontillado Analysis Essay - 1247 Words

Within Edgar Allen Poe’s work â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† a man essentially murders his friend over jokes that were more or less aimed towards him. We as readers were never completely told what Fortunato did to warrant his untimely death, but we do know whoever the narrator was retelling this ‘account’ to, they steadily become aware that what Montresor was taking as insults most likely were fallacious and erroneous claims and most likely were small jests. From the very beginning, we know that Fortunato did not of his ‘wrongdoings’ which makes the happy jingling bells on his cap even more sorrowful and the story continuation from that point is even darker. The way the narrator tells this story is not in the least bit reliable, but his style†¦show more content†¦Irony has a very strong role in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† especially when the two men interact with each other, the sly jokes of Montresor such as when he tells hi s companion â€Å", you are luckily met,† when in actuality he was not lucky to have met Montresor at all as he plans to kill him in cold blood. The story also explores dramatic irony in the way Fortunato is dressed at the festival he went essentially as a clown or jester, but the entire time it was Montresor who was being pointed laughed at essentially even though at the final half of the story he begins mocking Fortunato’s pleas to be released from the cuffs. The irony placed in this story is very vital it allows for it to be both humorous while keeping the suspense up because the reader knows something is going to happen before the person being told the story knows but only slowly realizes. Another device used in this story is foreshadowing, in which we are given small hints throughout the story of Montresor’s heinous plot against his comrade. He gives Fortunato a classic fake out as he encounters Fortunato out on the town he fakes him out pretending to think Fortunato has a prior engagement he does this twice that he must be going somewhere later on and will not be able to see if he paid a good price for the wine Fortunato’s own eagerness seals his fate even more. This fakeout works two ways, if he is expected home by his family he willShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado Analysis Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagescaused his darkness to show was when his wife died. Poe is a literary genius because of his ability to use many different literary styles. Edgar Allan Poe creates an atmosphere of fear in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† through the setting, imagery, and characterization. The setting of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† takes place in Italy in the Montresor’s catacomb. The story starts during carnival season, which as does not seem enjoyable. They then enter the catacombs and they travel deeper and deeper inRead MoreEssay An Analysis of The Cask of Amontillado1264 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a journey into the mind of a mad man. The story relates a horrible revenge made even more horrible by the fact that the vengeance is being taken when no real offense had been given. In a short space and with ultimate technical skill, Poe creates a nightmare, guaranteed to give the reader a sleepless night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plot of the story is a simple one. Montresor tales revenge on his friend FortunatoRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado Analysis Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a suspenseful tale of trickery, revenge, and murder. It tells of Montresor, who had a nefarious plan to punish his friend for the pain he had caused him. This short-story was written by Edgar Allan Poe, an American storyteller. His dark imagination helped shape the horror genre. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Poe creates a suspenseful mood by including a pattern of grim diction, haunting images, and threatening details. Poe uses grim dictionRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado Analysis Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story, The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe, the reader finds out the series of events that leads to a man named Fortunados death. The narrator and protagonist of the story is a man named Montresor, who had previously been insulted by Fortunado. Montresor commits murder in the end through acts of manipulation for the sake of revenge. The Cask of Amontillado is a story to tell the reader that a person will be punished for their wrongdoings and moral weaknesses. Poe tells thisRead More Analysis of The Cask of Amontillado Essay453 Words   |  2 Pages Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe, the dark side of human nature is illustrated through the character of Montresor and his victim, Fortunato. Montresor is a manipulative and vengeful person whom is obsessed with the downfall of Fortunato. Through the acts, words, and the thoughts of Montresor, one is able to see him carry out his plan for revenge. Montresor’s actions lend to his vengeful and manipulative nature. He lures Fortunato into the catacombsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado Character Analysis Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesMontresor in the short story The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe is the narrator and the protagonist. He is an expert in wine, and is very rich. As the reader we know that he is rich because he has a huge house, has servants, and can spend a lot of money on a barrel of wine. He believes that he was once respected. As for Fortunato, he is the antagonist. He is married and is well respected. He is also part of the Masons a secret club. Even though Montresor is the â€Å"bad guy† in this story weRead MoreCask of Amontillado Imagery Analysis Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesAlyssa Becker â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Imagery Analysis In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe uses many examples of imagery, such as the descriptions of the carnival, characters, the walk through the catacombs, and much more throughout the story to build suspense and intrigue for the readers and add to the mystery of Montresor’s underlining actions of the revenge and deception of the foolish Fortunado. By using descriptive words and phrases to help us imagine the characters and settingRead MoreLiterary Analysis - Cask of Amontillado Essay examples680 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a journey into the mind of what many would perceive as a mad man. The story tells of what seems to be a horrible revenge made even more horrible by the fact that the vengeance is being taken when no real offense had been known. This notion sets the mood for true evil. The plot of the story is simple. Montresor takes revenge on his friend Fortunato by luring him into the wine cellar under the family estate. There he leads Fortunato into theRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado and Hills Like White Elephants577 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe amp; â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe Abstract â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, is a short story about a man named Montessor who gets revenge on one of his â€Å"friends† named Fortunado by trapping him and burying him alive. Treatment Setting: Two kinds Plot: Man gets revenge on his â€Å"friend† Characters: Montresor, Fortunado, Montresor’s familyRead Moreâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagestalking about â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† without first mentioning its author, Mr. Edgar Allen Poe and his unique style of writing. Poe’s style of writing is described as â€Å"Dark Gothic.† Poe uses irony to create a comedic effect which only foreshadows the horror ahead; his short story writing still giving readers the full effect of the story; Poe felt a story should be read in one sitting, with each event occurring in order keeping with the storyline as he states in his essay â€Å"The Philosophy of

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Organizations and Stakehol

Question: Discuss about theManaging Financial Resources and Decisions for Organizations and Stakeholders. Answers: Introduction: Nature and Role of Finance Professional on Organizations and Stakeholders Managing financial resources and making financial decisions are the key roles of financial professionals in any given organization. Finance professionals tasked with financial control processes include finance directors, finance managers and financial accountants. Within an organization, a finance manager is responsible in providing support and financial advice to the organization and its stakeholders in order for them to make sound business decisions. Financial managers have very enormous role. In large companies such as those that make up the FTSE 250 Index, their roles are more concerned with strategic analysis while for small organizations, financial managers are responsible for collecting and preparing accounts. Generally, finance managers have the responsibility of providing and interpreting finance information; monitoring cash flows as they make predictions for future trends; analyzing changes and offering advice accordingly; formulating long-term strategic business plans; and analyzing market trends as well as the competitors (Brown, 1990). A finance director has distinct roles for the contribution of an organizations attainment of its objectives. It is the role of a financial director to provide strategic and financial guidance that ensures the organization meets its financial commitments. Finance directors also develop the necessary procedures and concepts so as to ensure sound financial control and management of the organizations business. According to Barker (2016), a finance director is an organizations finance professional who directs and controls finance staff to make sure that they are developed and motivated appropriately; provides guidance and advice on an organizations financial strategy to ensure the companys business objectives are met; develops and controls the annual operating budget for the organization in order to make sure that financial targets are met while statutory regulations are complied with; and oversees preparation of the organizations financial accounts so as to ensure that they are accuratel y and timely presented. Another important finance profession within an organization is the financial accountant. This individual collects, analyzes, investigates and reports financial data so as to support financial decision-making (Dorrance, 1969). Some of the financial accountants roles include preparing monthly statements by data collection, analysis and investigation of variances and summarizing information and trends; assembles data to prepare state quarterly as well as annual statements; complies with the countrys tax filing requirements through regulations study and collects data on annual tax fillings; responds to financial inquiries through data collection, analysis, summary and interpretation; studies operational issues, applies financial practices and principles and develops recommendations in order to provide financial advice; prepares reports after studying variances, he/she prepares budgets and develops forecasts; and accomplishing organizational and financial mission through completion of the related results. Finance professional and financial control processes impact on the organization and its stakeholders. Financial considerations and decisions are essential to all business decisions. Budgetary planning that is clear is important for both long and short terms. Every organization requires to know the financial implication of every decision before continuing. Financial processes must be carefully undertaken in line with all statutory regulations and legislations (Norby, 1980). Finance professionals are the organizations business and financial analysts. In addition, financial professionals manage budgets and make arrangements for new finance sources for the organizations debt facilities. For effective financial management within the organizations, finance professionals develop and maintain the necessary procedures, systems and policies. Evaluation of the Impact of Domestic and International Financial Domain There are many aspects in which domestic finance differs from international finance. Some of those aspects include foreign currency exposure and different political, economic, legal and taxation environment. In contrast to domestic financial management where there are less currency derivatives, international financial management involves a lot of currency derivatives. Pagliari (2014) points out that in the financial domain, the main difference between domestic and international finance is in the exchange rates. For domestic financial management, organizations aim at reducing capital cost as they try to raise funds and optimize returns from investments in creation of wealth for the stakeholders. This is the same for international finance, the organization does everything possible with the help of the finance professionals to ensure that wealth for stakeholders is maximized. Financial control processes of every organization are always exposed to foreign exchange exposure. Most areas of an organizations international business are impacted largely by the currency exposure. Some of those areas include making sales to customers, purchasing from suppliers, investment on machinery and plants and raising of funds among other areas (Williams, 2003). Whenever organizations require money, currency exposure comes into play as every business transaction requires money. In an organization is majorly involved in international business, the financial processes are exposed to different political and economic environments. Trade policies differ with countries. It is the role of the finance professionals to critically analyze policies in those countries in order to make out feasibility and profitability of the organizations business propositions. Some countries may have policies that are business friendly while others would not. The other external context of financial domain that impacts on an organization is the legal and tax environment. Tax directly impacts on the net profits and product costs of the particular organization. Finance professionals try to manage international finance by looking at the taxation structure so as to find out whether the businesses feasible in the home country would be workable in foreign countries (Pagliari, 2014). In addition, different groups of stakeholders matter in every organizations. Some of the stakeholders that are found within most organizations that make up FTSE 250 index include the suppliers, shareholders, lenders and customers. The shareholders within an organization matter since they impact the organization in a certain manner. For instance, the shareholders carry with them different cultures, values and language. When the finance organ of the organization deals with those stakeholders, it might not be aware of their dislikes and likes. The organization has an ob jective to keep all the shareholders satisfied as they are the ones that drive the business. Comparison of Finance Sources Available for an Organization There are many sources of finance to organizations. Bank lending is one key source of finance to organizations. Bank lending comes in mainly for short term or medium term financial objectives. According to Dyczkowski (2015), loans for short term go to three years where the bank sets the limit whereas a medium-term loan is given for a time span of three-ten years. Retained earnings are another source of financing in a company. That is, the amount of earnings in the business directly affects the amount of dividends. The main reason why companies use retained earnings as a source of finance is because the use of retained earnings reduces issue costs compared to using debentures or shares. When retained earnings are used the likelihood of changing control is avoided as a result of new shares. Another source of finance in companies is the use of hire purchase which is a form of installment credit. This source of finance is similar to leasing except that in hire purchase the company fully acquires assets after the paying the last installment. There are agreements when using hire purchase which are set by the finance house where hirer is supposed to pay an amount of deposit toward a purchase price. Venture capital is another source of finance. It refers to money ventured into an enterprise and that can all be lost if an enterprise fails. An organization which gives the funds understands the gamble essential with that funding (Hassan and Leece, 2008). Venture capital organizations cannot retain their investments indefinitely for a given business. Companies may as well obtain finance from the government. The government has a way in which it finances companies directly or through cash grants as part of a way to improve the national economy. This mainly occurs in areas of unempl oyment and in high technology industries. Organizations may also obtain finances from franchising. This entails expanding businesses on capital that is lesser than the required capital. Examples of worldwide franchisors include; chicken inns, Nandos chicken and Wimpy (Lafontaine, 2014). In franchising arrangement, a franchisor is paid by the franchisee in order to acquire rights of running a local business using the trade name of the franchisor. The franchisor bears the costs of establishment, legal costs, cost of the architect, cost of marketing and other supportive services. The franchisee on the other hand bears the initially required franchise fee that covers the set-up costs. The payments that follow regularly are catered for by the franchisee. The regular payments are the percentage of the franchisees turnover. Franchises are advantageous to the franchisor because they improve the image of the business as they work to achieve the best results (Lafontaine, 2014). The capital needed to improve the business reduces substa ntially. Similarly, a franchisee benefits from a franchise because there is obtaining of ownership of a business including the premises and stock for the agreed number of years. The franchisee does not suffer from some mistakes made by small businesses because franchisors have the experience and have previously learned from past mistakes. Role of Capital Markets The most fundamental role of capital market has always been to raise the funds for Corporations, banks and governments. At the same time, the capital markets provide a platform for trading securities. Bond and stock markets regulate fundraising within the capital market. Capital market member organizations that want to raise funds issue bonds and stocks (Mrsik, J., Vukovic Trpkov, 2015). The issued bonds and stocks are then purchased by investors who wish to invest in capital markets. However, it is important that investors ensure that they understand the market trends first before they make investments in the capital market. Different market indices such as the FTSE 250 index, FTSE 100 index or FTSE 350 index are available to investors so that they reflect on the markets present performance. As capital markets aim to raise funds, each of them are monitored by the respective governance organizations and the financial regulators. Such regulation of the capital markets ensure that the investors are protected from deception and fraud. Financial regulatory bodies also play a role in issuing financial service providers with licenses, minimizing financial losses and enforcing laws that are applicable. Most countries have capital markets that are no longer confined within their nations. Most individuals and corporations are allowed by certain regulations to make investments in capital markets of any country worldwide. According to Wong (2014), foreign capital market investments have led to substantial enhancement of businesses within the international trade. Capital markets depend on the primary and secondary sub-markets. Primary markets deal with securities that have been newly issued and are responsible for generating new long-term capital. Secondary markets deal with securiti es that have been issued previously and should remain liquid naturally since most securities have been sold by investors. Capital markets with high transparency and liquidity are predicated upon secondary markets with similar qualities. Nature and Importance of Risk Management Risk management is an important process within every organization. Carvalho and Rabechini Junior (2015) define risk management as the process of identification, analysis and either mitigation or acceptance of uncertainty in investment decision-making. This process takes place every time the finance professionals or investors attempt quantifying potential for losses within investments and heads to take the necessary action given risk tolerance and investment objectives (Lundqvist, 2014). Poor risk management results in serious consequences for individuals and organizations. For instance, the recession that was experienced in 2008 by some countries was as a result of loose credit risk management by financial organizations. Basically, risk management involves two steps. The first step involves determining the risks that exist in a given investment while the second one involves handling those risks in a manner that best suits the investment objectives. It is essential for organizations to conduct risk management since lack of it means that the organization would not be able to define its future objectives. Once an organization defines objectives before considering the potential risks, there are chances that it would lose direction when risks occur. Large organizations face more risks and therefore require to make their strategies more sophisticated. Effective risk management strategies enable organizations to identify the weaknesses, threats, opportunities and strengths of projects (Lundqvist, 2014). Planning for events that are unexpected enables the organizations to be able to deal with risks once they arise. Risk management contributes to success of projects since lists of external and internal risks are established. In addition, risk management makes projects to run smoothly by ensuring that project plans are efficiently communicated to stakeholders, sponsors and team members. Impact and Relevance of Cost of Capital in Decision-Making Process Lundqvist (2014) defines cost of capital as the opportunity cost involved when making certain investments. It is described as the rate of return which would have been earned if the same capital was used in a different investment that had equal risk. Cost of capital is similar to the rate of return needed to persuade investors to be involved with certain investments. Norby (1980) refers to the cost of capital as the cost of funds that finance a business. Cost of capital depends on the type of financing used. For instance, when the business is solely financed by equity, cost of capital refers to the cost of equity. If the business is financed by debt, the cost of capital becomes cost of debt. Most organizations use a combination of equity and debt to finance their businesses. For such businesses, their overall cost of capital is results from the weighted average of all the capital sources which is then referred to as the WACC (weighted average cost of capital). Cost of capital is the hurdle rate which organizations require to overcome before generating value. Cost of capital is used extensively in the process of capital budgeting so as to determine whether the organization should go on with the project. The cost of different capital sources differs from organization to organization and depends on factors like credit worthiness, profitability and history (Williams, 2003). New organizations engaging in new businesses have limited operating histories meaning that they would have high costs of capital than the established ones that have solid track records. The main reason is because lenders and individuals providing finance sources demand high risk premiums for newer enterprises. In conclusion, each organization needs to chart out a game plan for financing their businesses at whichever stages they are at, that is when it is at an early stage or after being established. The cost of capital is a critical factor for deciding the type of financing that the organization should follow. During the early stages, companies do not have large assets that they can pledge as debt financing collateral, hence, equity financing become mode of funding for most of such companies. The market determines the cost of capital and is determined by and represents the extent of investors risks. When given the choice between two investmentsthat have equal risk, the investors wouldgenerally choose the one that provides them with a higher return. References Brown, D. S. (1990). The Role of the Financial Manager. Public Budgeting Finance, 10(2), 107-109. Barker, S. (2016). Together Hires Co-operative Financial Director. Mortgage Strategy (Online Edition), 1. Carvalho, M. and Rabechini Junior, R. (2014). Impact of risk management on project performance: the importance of soft skills. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), pp.321-340. Dorrance, G. S. (1969). The Role of Financial Accountants. Review of Income Wealth, 15(2), 197-207. Dyczkowski, T. (2015). Financial and non-financial information in performance assessment of public benefit organizations. Research Papers Of The Wroclaw University Of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego We Wroclawiu, (398), 134-145. doi:10.15611/pn.2015.398.12 Hassan, A. and Leece, D. (2008). The Influence of Venture Capitalists' Source of Finance on their Post-Investment Behavior in Investee Companies. The Journal of Private Equity, 11(3), pp.69-84. Lafontaine, F. (2014). Franchising: Directions for Future Research. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 21(1), 21-25. doi:10.1080/13571516.2013.864124 Lundqvist, S. A. (2014). An Exploratory Study of Enterprise Risk Management: Pillars of ERM. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 29(3), 393-429. doi: 10.1177/0148558X14535780 Mrsik, J., Vukovic Trpkov, D. (2015). The Custodian Banks and the Evolution of the Emerging Capital Markets: the Case of Macedonia. Economic Development / Ekonomiski Razvoj, 17(3), 321-333 Norby, W. C. (1980). Accounting for Financial Analysis. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(6), 16-80. Pagliari, S. (2014). Fixing International Finance: Between International Rule-Making and Domestic Cosmetic Compliance. International Studies Review, 16(4), 673-675. doi:10.1111/misr.12173 Wong, A. (2014). The Role of Government in the Venture Capital Market with Asymmetric Information. Quantitative Finance, 14(6), 1107-1114. doi:10.1080/14697688.2012.738307 Williams, B. (2003). Domestic and international determinants of bank profits: Foreign banks in Australia. Journal of Banking Finance, 27(6), pp.1185-1210.